Which term describes a mood disorder with episodes of both mania and depression?

• A. Conflict
• B. Depression
• C. Eating disorder
• D. Bipolar disorder

Answer: (D)

A mood disorder that includes both mania and depression is bipolar disorder. This term specifically describes shifts between two distinct mood states: mania, with high energy, rapid thoughts, elevated or irritable mood, and often reduced need for sleep, and depression, with persistent sadness, low energy, loss of interest, and other symptoms. The key idea is that bipolar disorder encompasses episodes of both extremes and the transitions between them, which is not captured by other common terms.

Conflicts refer to disputes between people and aren’t about a mood pattern. Depression alone describes a low mood state without the accompanying manic episodes. An eating disorder focuses on patterns around eating and body image, not mood swings between mania and depression.